CONTAINERS
DEFINITION
Cargo Transport Unit, used in all modes of transportation, allows the transport of unit load as secure and inviolable indivisible unit - is stored, moves, stacks and is tied - it fills and empties - stowage in the place of origin or destination of the shipment
FUNCTIONS
• serves as a charging unit
• in some cases serve as packaging
• facilitates stacking streamlines the handling
•
Advantages and disadvantages
Benefits General
1.Eliminan handling in transfer terminals since it is handled as a single unit load.
2.Permiten a safer handling, reduce the chance of plunder, damage or loss.
3.Permiten obtain more favorable insurance premiums compared to those applying to non-unitized cargo shipments. 4.Requieren
less and sometimes no packing
5.Facilitan the introduction of direct consignment cargo documentation that uses more than one mode of transport. 6.Permite
cargo consolidation from different allocations to different consignees. 7.tiene
levy on freight shipping conferences as commercial airlines and IATA offer preferential rates for shipments shipped in containers. Modes of transport
1.Transporte
rail: Allows higher performance rolling stock, greater convenience for the needs of the shipper, since the containers can be stacked up to two per car; In rail transport, containers compete favorably with the combination piggyback alternative. 2.Trasporte
Road: The use of containers resulting in significant time savings for both drivers and trucks, while ensuring a steady flow of cargo. 3.Transporte
Shipping: Low ships stayed in port, reduced port handling costs and will less congestion in port warehouses, and that can be stacked up to three containers. 4.Transporte
air: Containers allow speedy handling of cargo and high efficiency in the operation of loading and unloading, as well as better use of space in the lower wells and principal planes. 5.Trasporte
Multimodal Containerization is one of the major factors in their appearance. She does dl direct traffic as economic logic and cargo transport. Disadvantages
1.Costo: Operation requires a high capital investment by the shipper, since it involves buying, leasing or rental of containers. For governments involves significant investments in matching ports. 2.Problemas
work: The non-containerized cargo handling requires intensive use of labor and therefore it is necessary to train the stevedores to carry out other activities in lSO ports, which is not always feasible in the short term.
3.Diferencias in the technical specifications of ISO standard containers are used widely practiced throughout the world. However, intermodal containers that perform different paths require different vehicles provided in this special devices such as slots.
4.Desequilibrio in containerized trade between developing and developed countries: while in the first composition of export products includes many perishable and high stowage factors such as bulk cargo in the second trade flow is composed mainly of manufactured goods and capital as the number of containers returning empty to the developing countries are diminishing rapidly by the increased use of containers for different products.
• The containers belong to shipping companies
• They are stored in special courts.
• To use it requires a detailed inspection by an expert
CONSOLIDATION
1. FCL = Full Container Load
2. CONTAINER LCL = Less Than a Container Load
CONDITIONS INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION
All modes provide the service container transport.
House to house or door to door
means that the carrier agrees to receive the container at the premises of the shipper and deliver it to the consignee.
Pier to pier (pier to pier)
With this method, the carrier agrees to move the container from the premises of the dispenser to the dock at the port of destination.
Pier to house ( spring house)
haulers should mobilize the container from the wharf of the port of origin to the premises of the consignee at destination.
FCL Full container load (full load) occurs when the load equals the total capacity, volume or weight of the container. The load may correspond to a single consignor and not assigned to a single recipient, or be directed to various consignees in the country.
LCL Less than a container load (partial load) are small quantities of cargo to fail to complete the capacity of a container. Three possible situations: they include cargo shipments from different shippers targeting different consignee, shipments from different shippers to one consignee addressed, shipments from a single consignor directed to different consignees. CONTAINERS
containers more frequently in international transport are surface bins used in land and sea transport, standardized by ISO and the air containers classified by IATA. Size Containers
grouping is classified according to the mode of transport, type of cargo and physical characteristics of the container among others.
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general cargo containers are used to transport any type cargo other than liquid or gaseous, or solid bulk no cars or livestock and does not need temperature control.
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-purpose containers are fully sealed containers that are resistant to different weather conditions, with ceiling, walls and rigid floor and doors at least one side. Suitable for carrying the widest variety of loads.
-Container Handling
specific cargo containers are generally those with certain structural features that are enabled for a specific use.
•
ventilated containers are sealed closed containers specially designed to transport natural ventilation requiring or mechanical.
Type Length Width Volume
capacity 20 '590 cm 234.6 cm 238.4 cm 21, 7 ton 33 mt3
•
open top containers are similar to many but no rigid roof but may have a movable or removable flexible cover canvas may be movable or removable transoms over the doors of the ends.
high capacity Type Length Width Volume
20 '235 cm 590.6 cm 239.2 cm 21, 8 ton mt3
33.20 40' 1202.2 cm 235.2 cm 239.5 cm 26.52 67.70 ton
mt3
• side-opening containers
platform are general cargo containers are not rigid sides, has a basic structure similar to that of a container platform.
platform containers, side opening and full upper superstructure. Platform containers are divided into: those who have the roof and sides of the rigid end (side opening), which has the open top and rigid ends, the roof and he does have open ends (skeletal) platform containers with incomplete superstructure and fixed ends higher, platform containers with incomplete superstructure and folding ends.
high capacity Type Length Width Volume
20 '586 cm 231 cm 239.6 cm 22.5 ton
Unlimited 40 '1199 cm 233.8 cm 231.5 cm 26.28 Unlimited
ton-cargo containers
specified refers to containers designed to carry a special type of charge and are classified as follows:
Containers Heat:
are containers built with walls, doors, roof and floor insulated to slow the rate of heat transfer between inside and outside. The cooling or heating equipment may be removable and be located inside or outside.
insulated containers, thermal containers are used as cooling means ice or dry ice sublimation uncontrolled, and liquefied gases with or without control of evaporation.
mechanically refrigerated containers, thermal containers are equipped with a cooling element, mechanical compressor, absorption unit, etc. Containers
Heating: Thermal containers are equipped with a heating device. Refrigerated containers
Heating: Thermal containers are equipped with a cooling element and a heater.
high capacity Type Length Width Volume
20 '549.6 226.4 cm 227.5 cm 21 cm, 93 ton mt3
28.18 40' 1161.3 cm 226.9 cm 223.6 cm 28.07 ton 58.76 mt3
tank containers:
are containers that are basic elements: a tank or tanks and a frame.
Measures 20 'has a water capacity between 5285 and 6340 gallons, depending on the load.
dry bulk containers:
are containers with a fine load-bearing structure secured to a frame number 1 of the ISO, to transport dry solids in bulk without packaging.
high capacity Type Length Width Volume
20 '235 cm 590.6 cm 239.2 cm 21, 8 ton mt3
33.20 40' 1202.2 cm 235.2 cm 239.5 cm 26.52 67.79 ton
mt3
Containers for specific types of cargo: containers are different
types, such as containers for cars, livestock or other specific types of products, whose construction is in accordance with ISO requirements for transport dela specific charges. Containers
air: air
Containerization reduces the number of individual pieces, easy handling, allows more efficient use of the volumetric capacity of the aircraft, reducing the effect of the weather, prevent theft, looting and damage due to handling during the time when the load is in the custody of the carrier. Air cargo containers can also be used to provide a service door to door. The products transported by air are generally high value and highly perishable. Freight costs are higher this way. Transit time, however, is hours instead of days.
- lower deck containers:
are complete and closed structures: In this type of container can fit two in the lower hold of a widebody. In some cases, are equipped with racks to accommodate small packages or irregularly shaped and sealed doors lockable metal or fabric.
- igloos or normal-sized containers:
This type of container is used for the lower deck and are made of metal or fiberglass.
- Containers intermodal air and surface transport: ISO containers
are those used in surface transport that can not be transported if not in the main hold of a cargo plane wide-body or combined, have special grooves to secure the sides osbre in the aircraft hold. They are weatherproof, lockable, stackable, thanks to the slots it has on the top and bottom corners. Permit entry of forklift inside to fill.
- thermal units:
are specially built and equipped with thermal controls for regulating the internal temperature. These types of containers are very useful for offices air to areas of extreme temperatures. There are two types of thermal units:
• Insulated Units:
dela unit insulating properties, limit the exchange of heat between the exterior and interior, although no mechanical means of temperature control. Products placed on the inside keeps the temperature required for a maximum of 24 hours.
• mechanically controlled units:
operate through a power source external or internal, which reduces or maintains a constant temperature inside the unit it. How to load the products in the thermal units affects their effectiveness. Its performance is better if you focus loading and stowed in compact form
The capacity and size of air cargo containers, pallets, air cargo and reefer trailers vary from carrier to carrier due to differences in the design and manufacture of equipment. The unification of the dimensions of the various means of loading was performed on the IATA agreement the following are some examples of the charging means developed.
should be left for air circulation in the transport equipment loaded with agricultural products. The nature of product, type of shipment and loading method affects air circulation and the total weight and volume occupied by the load.
BIG - Collapsible Containers
BAG 2,000 kg capacity silos
3,500 to 5,000 kilos.
sealed tanks for liquid storage.
tanks for fish and shrimp farming.
marquees and architectural membranes. Container System
Own
What up bins usually acquired in Japan, USA, Korea and Europe. The trend in shipping is to work with a 50% owned containers. Leased
These containers are made for rent leasing companies, which suffer more than 90% of the equipment available for rent in the market.
